Marshal's Blog » linux命令总结 http://marshal.easymorse.com It's swap of marshal's memory. Mon, 30 Jan 2012 07:03:45 +0000 en hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.3.1 ubuntu下访问ntfs分区usb硬盘 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/807?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=ubuntu%25e4%25b8%258b%25e8%25ae%25bf%25e9%2597%25aentfs%25e5%2588%2586%25e5%258c%25bausb%25e7%25a1%25ac%25e7%259b%2598 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/807#comments Tue, 08 Jul 2008 09:24:01 +0000 Marshal http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/807 在ubuntu linux下访问usb硬盘，需要先知道设备名称：

fdisk -l /dev/sdb?

看到如下显示信息：

Disk /dev/sdb5: 19.9 GB, 19987398144 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2429 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×69205244

设备名为sdb5。

默认情况下ubuntu未安装ntfs支持，需要安装ntfs-3g：

apt-get install ntfs-3g

好了，一切条件具备了。挂载usb移动硬盘：

mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/usbdisk/ -t ntfs -o force

然后，可以通过mount命令查看挂载情况，或者通过df命令查看：

df -hl

用该硬盘复制了ubuntu中的大约2.2G（2,200,102,714）数据，通过time测试耗时：

real    4m26.785s
user    0m1.040s
sys     0m30.240s

大约7MB/s多一点儿。

根据这篇文章的说法：

http://www.itjj.net/tech/diannao/wenda/20070528/131229.html

USB 2.0理论数据传输速率为480Mb/s（换算为60MB/s），而实际数据传输速率约在5MB/s～8MB/s之间。看来这个速度还是令人满意的。

]]> http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/807/feed 0 使用cdrecord和cdrdao在命令行下刻录 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/571?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=%25e4%25bd%25bf%25e7%2594%25a8cdrecord%25e5%259c%25a8linux%25e5%2591%25bd%25e4%25bb%25a4%25e8%25a1%258c%25e4%25b8%258b%25e5%2588%25bb%25e5%25bd%2595iso%25e6%2596%2587%25e4%25bb%25b6 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/571#comments Sun, 03 Dec 2006 00:08:19 +0000 Marshal http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/571 在ubuntu下通过命令行工具刻录iso文件很简单。

首先需要安装cdrecord：

apt-get install cdrecord

然后，执行cdrecord命令刻录：

cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrw driveropts=burnfree -v -data a.iso

查看是否有刻录机，刻录机的信息：

cdrecord scanbus

如果是刻录cue格式的文件，直接通过cdrecord可能不行，至少我的尝试不成功：

cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrw -dao cuefile=your.cue

改用cdrdao，需要安装：

apt-get install cdrdao

执行下面命令刻录：

cdrdao write your.cue

另外，这个命令可以列出cdr设备：

cdrdao scanbus

还有一种处理cue文件的办法，就是转换为iso后再刻录，转换工具命令是：

bchunk

可参考ubuntu下的文档：

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CdDvd/Burning?action=show&redirect=CdDvdBurning

]]> http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/571/feed 0 ubuntu修改网络设置后重启 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/940?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=ubuntu%25e4%25bf%25ae%25e6%2594%25b9%25e7%25bd%2591%25e7%25bb%259c%25e8%25ae%25be%25e7%25bd%25ae%25e5%2590%258e%25e9%2587%258d%25e5%2590%25af http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/940#comments Sat, 02 Dec 2006 16:55:05 +0000 Marshal http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/940 如果是具体某个网卡，比如eth0，可以关闭：

sudo ifdown eth0

然后启动：

sudo ifup eth0

如果是修改了配置文件，需要网络的重启：

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

]]> http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/940/feed 0 在ubuntu下手工挂载u盘 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/563?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=%25e5%259c%25a8ubuntu%25e4%25b8%258b%25e6%2589%258b%25e5%25b7%25a5%25e6%258c%2582%25e8%25bd%25bdu%25e7%259b%2598 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/563#comments Sun, 23 Jul 2006 07:19:22 +0000 Marshal http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/563 使用server版本。默认情况下ubuntu不自动挂载u盘。

首先要找到设备名。执行dmesg命令：

dmesg -c

用来清空系统日志缓存。然后插入u盘。

在此执行：

dmesg

看到类似如下信息：

[  813.658014] usb 3-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3
[  813.809701] usb 3-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
[  813.816246] scsi4 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
[  813.828488] usb-storage: device found at 3
[  813.828501] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning
[  818.825125] usb-storage: device scan complete
[  818.826321] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access              Flash Disk       2.10 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
[  818.845227] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] 2061312 512-byte hardware sectors (1055 MB)
[  818.846010] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[  818.846022] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 0b 00 00 08
[  818.846028] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[  818.851249] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] 2061312 512-byte hardware sectors (1055 MB)
[  818.853372] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[  818.853390] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 0b 00 00 08
[  818.853396] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[  818.853438]  sdb: unknown partition table
[  818.859506] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
[  818.859619] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0

说明设备名为sdb。

为挂载做准备，创建一个目录：

mkdir /media/usb

使用mount挂载设备：

mount -t vfat /dev/sdb /media/usb

这时u盘已经挂载，可以访问。

使用完毕后，需要卸载：

umount /dev/sdb

]]> http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/563/feed 1 查看linux内核和ubuntu的版本信息 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/570?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=%25e6%259f%25a5%25e7%259c%258blinux%25e5%2586%2585%25e6%25a0%25b8%25e5%2592%258cubuntu%25e7%259a%2584%25e7%2589%2588%25e6%259c%25ac%25e4%25bf%25a1%25e6%2581%25af http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/570#comments Sat, 29 Apr 2006 14:57:51 +0000 Marshal http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/570 查看linux内核版本的命令是：

uname -a

查看ubuntu的版本，可以：

cat /etc/issue

或者：

cat /etc/lsb-release

]]> http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/570/feed 0 linux查看目录大小命令 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/738?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=linux%25e6%259f%25a5%25e7%259c%258b%25e7%259b%25ae%25e5%25bd%2595%25e5%25a4%25a7%25e5%25b0%258f%25e5%2591%25bd%25e4%25bb%25a4 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/738#comments Wed, 29 Mar 2006 02:01:48 +0000 Marshal http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/738 比如：

du -sh /your_dir

其中:

  • s，只显示总数，不再递归显示子目录的大小；
  • h，自动转换为k、m、g单位，便于阅读；
  • your_dir，指定的目录，如果不指定，即当前目录。
]]> http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/738/feed 0 使用history命令 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/996?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=%25e4%25bd%25bf%25e7%2594%25a8history%25e5%2591%25bd%25e4%25bb%25a4 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/996#comments Wed, 14 Dec 2005 02:25:06 +0000 Marshal http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/996 linux bash下的history命令，可以查看和复用已经输入过的命令。默认情况下，可记录最后1000个命令。输入命令：

history

比如看到如下内容：

5  ls
6  pwd
7  history

比如想复用ls命令，可以：

!5

就会执行history记录中序号为5的命令。

清除历史记录的办法是：

history -c

]]> http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/996/feed 0 linux查看当前用户命令 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/867?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=linux%25e6%259f%25a5%25e7%259c%258b%25e5%25bd%2593%25e5%2589%258d%25e7%2594%25a8%25e6%2588%25b7%25e5%2591%25bd%25e4%25bb%25a4 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/867#comments Fri, 11 Nov 2005 13:40:42 +0000 Marshal http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/867 如果需要查看或者统计当前系统有哪些用户，命令很简单：w

查看的结果类似下面：

root@server:~# w
21:39:46 up  7:33,  1 user,  load average: 1.05, 1.04, 1.00
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    10.0.0.2         21:25    0.00s  0.05s  0.01s w

另外，还有who命令：

root@server:~# who
root     pts/0        2005-11-11 21:25 (10.0.0.2)
root@server:~#

]]> http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/867/feed 0 linux后台执行命令 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/652?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=linux%25e5%2590%258e%25e5%258f%25b0%25e6%2589%25a7%25e8%25a1%258c%25e5%2591%25bd%25e4%25bb%25a4 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/652#comments Sun, 23 May 2004 14:45:36 +0000 Marshal http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/652 有时需要后台执行命令，比如用wget下载文件，命令如下：

nohup wget http://somesite/somefile.zip &

 

然后，可通过nohup.out文件看到该命令的输出。

终端退出时必须告知服务器，而不能直接关闭终端窗口：

exit

]]> http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/652/feed 0 dmesg命令打印启动信息 http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/558?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=dmesg%25e5%2591%25bd%25e4%25bb%25a4%25e6%2589%2593%25e5%258d%25b0%25e5%2590%25af%25e5%258a%25a8%25e4%25bf%25a1%25e6%2581%25af http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/558#comments Thu, 01 Apr 2004 06:59:38 +0000 Marshal http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/558 dmesg命令，用于打印或者控制内核的循环缓存。打印循环缓存中的启动信息，或者手工复制到文件中：

dmesg > boot.messages

然后通过邮件发送该文件，用来帮助诊断问题。

打印后清空缓存：

dmesg -c

]]> http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/558/feed 0